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Neurological Condition

Migraine support

Migraine is one of the most common neurological conditions in the world, affecting around 1 in 7 people in the UK. It is much more than a bad headache — a full migraine attack involves multiple phases and can be profoundly disabling. While medical management is the primary treatment, acupuncture, lifestyle approaches and stress management have strong evidence for reducing migraine frequency and severity.

See therapies that may help

What is Migraine support?

Migraine is a neurological condition characterised by recurrent moderate-to-severe headache attacks, typically lasting 4–72 hours. It involves complex neurological mechanisms including cortical spreading depression and trigeminovascular activation, and is influenced by hormones, the autonomic nervous system, and environmental triggers.

Around 30% of people with migraine experience aura — transient neurological symptoms (most commonly visual disturbance such as zigzag lines, blind spots or flashing lights) that precede or accompany the headache phase. Aura is important to recognise because it influences medication choices.

Migraine is three times more common in women than men, and hormonal fluctuations (particularly around menstruation and perimenopause) are significant triggers for many women. It has a strong genetic component.

Signs and symptoms

A migraine attack may involve up to four phases:

  • Prodrome (hours to days before): mood changes, food cravings, neck stiffness, increased yawning, fluid retention
  • Aura (if present, 20–60 minutes before): visual disturbance, sensory changes, speech difficulties
  • Headache phase: unilateral (often), throbbing or pulsating pain, moderate to severe, worsened by physical activity, with nausea/vomiting and/or light and sound sensitivity. Lasts 4–72 hours
  • Postdrome ("migraine hangover"): fatigue, cognitive fog, mood changes lasting 24–48 hours

How therapy can help

Management of migraine involves both acute treatment (for individual attacks) and preventive strategies (to reduce frequency). Complementary therapies play an important role in prevention:

  • Acupuncture — NICE recommends acupuncture for migraine prevention, with evidence showing it reduces attack frequency as effectively as preventive medication with fewer side effects
  • Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) — good evidence for reducing migraine frequency through stress reduction and reducing central sensitisation
  • Physiotherapy and osteopathy — for migraine with a significant cervicogenic component (neck involvement), manual therapy can reduce attack frequency
  • Biofeedback — specifically thermal biofeedback and EMG biofeedback have evidence for migraine prevention
  • CBT — addressing the disability, catastrophising and activity avoidance that often develops around frequent migraine
  • Trigger identification and management — maintaining a headache diary to identify personal triggers (sleep, diet, hormones, stress, weather) and modifying them where possible

Seeking help

If migraines are frequent (more than 4 per month), significantly disabling, or poorly controlled, speak to your GP about preventive treatment options — both pharmacological and acupuncture-based. A neurologist referral may be appropriate for complex presentations.

The Migraine Trust offers excellent resources including a specialist nurse helpline. Keeping a headache diary before appointments significantly helps assessment and treatment planning.

Therapies that may help with Migraine support

Showing 1 therapy linked to Migraine support.

Therapy Evidence Notes
Acupuncturist
moderate

Supportive option for some people; monitor frequency/severity.

Frequently asked questions

What triggers migraines?

Common triggers include stress (and the stress let-down period), hormonal changes (particularly menstruation), disrupted sleep, skipping meals, dehydration, alcohol (particularly red wine), bright or flickering lights, strong smells, and weather changes. Triggers are highly individual — a headache diary is the most effective way to identify your personal pattern.

Can acupuncture prevent migraines?

Yes — acupuncture has one of the strongest evidence bases of any preventive treatment for migraine. NICE recommends a course of up to 10 sessions of acupuncture for migraine prevention, and clinical trials show it reduces attack frequency comparably to preventive medications with fewer side effects.

Are migraines dangerous?

The vast majority of migraines are not dangerous. However, migraine with aura is associated with a slightly increased risk of stroke, particularly in women who smoke or take combined oral contraceptives — discuss this with your GP. A sudden, severe "thunderclap" headache — different from your usual migraine — always requires urgent medical assessment.

Can lifestyle changes reduce migraines?

Yes significantly. Maintaining regular sleep patterns, eating regular meals, staying well hydrated, managing stress, and exercising regularly are all evidence-based preventive measures. The migraine brain is particularly sensitive to change and irregularity — consistency in daily routines is one of the most important preventive strategies.

What is the difference between episodic and chronic migraine?

Episodic migraine involves fewer than 15 headache days per month. Chronic migraine involves 15 or more headache days per month for more than three months, with at least 8 fulfilling migraine criteria. Chronic migraine is more disabling and more difficult to treat, and should be assessed by a neurologist. Medication overuse is an important contributing factor to chronification.