Psychotherapy is a form of talking therapy that helps people understand thoughts, emotions and patterns of behaviour, and develop healthier ways of coping and relating. It is used for issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and relationship difficulties.
Different approaches exist (for example psychodynamic, integrative, CBT-informed), and a good therapist will explain what they offer and how progress will be reviewed.
Psychotherapy is a broad term for structured talking therapies delivered by trained professionals. The focus may be on understanding deeper patterns and experiences, learning practical coping tools, improving relationships, or processing trauma—depending on the approach and your goals.
Sessions typically last around 50 minutes and take place weekly or fortnightly. Early sessions usually explore what you want help with, relevant life history, current stressors and what support would feel most useful. Your therapist should explain confidentiality, safeguarding and how they work.
Psychotherapy can include psychodynamic therapy, person-centred therapy, integrative approaches, CBT-informed therapy, and more. The most effective approach often depends on your preferences, the issue, and the therapeutic relationship. Many people find that feeling safe and understood is a key part of progress.
Some people work in a time-limited way (for example 6–12 sessions) focused on a specific goal, while others choose longer-term therapy for deeper or more complex patterns. Agree a review point and talk openly about what is and is not helping.
If you feel at immediate risk of harming yourself or others, seek urgent support via emergency services or a crisis service. A directory page can also include signposting to NHS 111 and local urgent mental health lines.
Psychotherapy developed through the late 19th and 20th centuries as psychological theories and clinical practices evolved. Different schools of psychotherapy emerged—some focused on insight and early experiences, others on behaviour change and coping skills.
In the UK today, psychotherapy includes a wide range of evidence-informed approaches delivered in private practice, community services and the NHS, with professional standards set by recognised training pathways and ethical frameworks.
Showing 8 conditions where Psychotherapy is commonly used.
| Condition | Evidence | Notes |
|---|---|---|
|
Anxiety |
strong
|
Core indication; choose approach suited to goals and needs. |
|
Depression |
strong
|
Common; risk assessment and support planning important. |
|
Grief and bereavement |
strong
|
Common area; supportive processing and adjustment. |
|
Complex PTSD |
moderate
|
Often benefits from longer-term, trauma-informed psychotherapy. |
|
Low self-esteem |
moderate
|
Common goal; track confidence and behavioural change. |
|
Panic attacks |
strong
|
Often treated effectively; ensure screening for physical contributors. |
|
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
strong
|
Trauma-informed care; some clients may prefer specialist trauma therapy. |
|
Relationship conflict |
moderate
|
Helpful for patterns, communication and boundaries. |
How is psychotherapy different from counselling?
There is overlap. Psychotherapy may explore longer-term patterns and deeper themes; approaches vary by training.
How long does psychotherapy last?
Anything from time-limited work to longer-term therapy, agreed around your aims.
Is psychotherapy suitable if I take medication?
Yes; many people combine both. Medication decisions should be discussed with your prescriber.